How to Grow Petunia

پٹونیا

پٹونیا ہائیبریڈا
خاندان: سولا نسی
قد : 8-12 انچ
پھیلا ﺅ : 12-24 انچ
جگہ : مکمل دھوپ
پھول آنے کا وقت : موسم بہار، موسم گرما، خزاں

پھولوں کا رنگ: سرخ، گلابی، پیلے، جامنی، وائٹ، Burgandy، سالمن، وایلیٹ، نیلے رنگ، گلاب، سٹار ریڈ، بلیو سٹار، چیری

زمین کی تزئین لینڈسکیپ میں استعمال: کنٹینر گملے ، کیاری اور بارڈر سرحد بندی ، اور گرا ﺅنڈ کور Groundcover کے طور پر خصوصیات : خوشبودار پھول،Hummingbirds اور تتلیوں کو اپنی طرف متوجہ کرتے ہیں ، گیلی مٹی برداشت کرتے ہیں، ہرن مزاحم Deer Resistant ، اگانے میں آسانی ۔ اقسام گرینڈی فلورا Grandiflora اس قسم میں پٹونیا کے سب سے بڑے پھول شامل ہیں ۔ قطر میں 4 انچ یا 100 ملی میٹر ، ہے. تمام پٹونیا میں شکل اور رنگ کی حد تک وسیع ترین قسم ہے ۔ لیکن بھاری بارش سے نقصان پہنچنے کے سب سے زیادہ امکان ہےں۔ ہیجی فلورا Hedgiflora ان کو کبھی کبھی زمین کور بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔ اونچائی عام طور پر تقریبا چھ انچ ۔ لیکن پھیلاو ¿ تین سے چار فٹ جبکہ کافی مقدار میں پانی اور کھاد فراہم کی جاوے تو ایک بڑے علاقے کا احاطہ کرے گا۔ ملٹی فلورا Multifloraملٹی فلورا گرینڈی فلورا کے نصف سائز کے ہیں . قطر 2 انچ (51 ملی میٹر)۔ آسانی سے بارش میں بھاری نقصا ن نہیں پہنچتا ۔ فوری طور پر پھیلاﺅ اور ٹوکریوں کے لئے مثالی ہیں ۔ ملی فلورا Milliflora تمام اقسام میں سب سے چھوٹے پھول اس قسم کے ہیں۔ قطر 1 انچ (25 ملی میٹر) ۔ یہ عام طور پر باغ کیاری اور کناروں کے ساتھ ساتھ کنٹینر گملوں میں دوسرے پودوں کے ساتھ مکس کر کے لگائے جاتے ہیں۔ گرینڈی فلورا اور ملٹی فلورا کے مقابلے میں وہ بہتر طور پر سخت موسم برداشت کر سکتے ہیں ۔

Petunia X hydrida

Family: SolanaceaeHeight (Inches) 8-12
Spread (Inches) 12-24

Exposure Sun
Bloom time: Spring, Summer, Fall
Flower color: Red, Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, Burgandy, Salmon, violet, blue, rose, star red, blue star, cherry
Landscape Uses: Containers,Beds & Borders,Groundcover

Special Features: Flowers,Fragrant,Attracts Hummingbirds,Attracts Butterflies,Tolerates Wet Soil,Deer Resistant,Easy to Grow

Categories

Grandiflora
This type of petunia has the largest flowers, up to 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter. Of all the petunias these have the widest variety of forms and colours but are the most likely to be damaged by heavy rain. There are four types of grandiflora and they are classified by their colours: ‘Daddy Series’ (shades of pink and purple), ‘Merlin Blue Morn’ (blue and white), ‘Supercascade Series’ (many colours) and ‘Ultra Series’ (many colours, including bi-colour).
Hedgiflora (spreading)
Hedgifloras or spreading petunias (sometimes called ground-cover) are characterised by their low height (usually about six inches), but they have a large spread (about three to four feet). They will cover a large area, provided they have adequate water and fertilization. ‘Purple Wave’ was the first introduced cultivar of spreading petunia and grows to a height of 4 inches (100 mm). ‘Tidal Wave’ is another spreading type of petunia, but is much taller (between sixteen and twenty-two inches). 'Surfinia' petunias are another type of spreading petunia propagated by cuttings. ‘Opera Supreme’ is a cultivar with large flowers.

Multiflora
Multifloras are half the size of grandifloras, being 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. They are not easily damaged in heavy rain and are more sun-tolerant. Multiflora petunia cultivars include: 'Carpet Series "(many colours) and 'Madness Series' (many colours). They spread quickly and are ideal for baskets.
Milliflora
Millifloras are the smallest of the petunias, being about 1-inch (25 mm) across. These are commonly mixed with other plants in containers, along garden beds and edges. Millifloras are available in 'Fantasy Series' (red, purple, pink) and are the easiest to find. 'Supertunia Mini Series' (blue, pink, lilac, purple and white) are also available in the milliflora category. They tolerate harsh weather better when compared with grandifloras and multifloras.

Planting

grow petunias from seeds, but it is easier to grow them from transplants.
Petunia seeds germinate in 5 to 15 days. If you are going to grow from seeds, start them indoors 10 to 12 weeks before you want to set them outside. Petunia seeds are very small and needs lots of light in order to germinate. Remember to water them. When the plants have three leaves, you can plant them outside.
It's best to buy transplants and plant them in light, well-drained soil in full sun after the last spring frost. Petunias can grow in partial shade, but they will have fewer flowers. It's better if the plants have shelter from the wind.
If you're planting petunias in containers, use a soil-less mix.

Site and Soil

The most important requirement for growing petunias successfully is a location with plenty of light. Petunias need at least five or six hours of good sunlight; they'll perform even better when located in full sun all day. The more shade they receive, the fewer flowers they'll produce. Impatiens are a better choice for blooming in shady places.

While soil needn't be terribly rich to grow good petunias, it must drain decently. It's always useful to improve garden soil by conditioning it with organic matter, such as baled peat moss, well-rotted leaf compost or manure.

Spread the organic matter two to three inches thick. Then incorporate it into the soil to a depth of eight to ten inches, using a rototiller or garden fork. This helps open up heavy clay soil, which improves drainage, but can also increase the ability of light, sandy soil to hold moisture and nutrients.
Fetilizer and Water

Work a balanced fertilizer such as 8-8-8, 10-10-10, or 12-12-12 into garden soil at a rate of two pounds per hundred square feet. Later--early to mid-July--begin to use liquid fertilizer every three weeks (weekly for "spreading" petunias). Once the plants have begun to spread, it will be much easier to water this solution into the soil than to side dress with dry fertilizer.

Incorporate timed-release fertilizer into the soil when planting window boxes or other containers. Otherwise fertilize regularly every two weeks with a liquid fertilizer meant specially for flowering plants. ("Spreading" types require weekly fertilizing.)

For a fertilizer recommendation tailor made to your specific garden conditions, have an accurate soil test run. Contact your local County Extension office or the Soil Testing Lab.
Petunias tolerate lots of heat, and are relatively undemanding when it comes to water. Except for "spreading" types, which require frequent watering, thorough watering once a week should be sufficient in all but the worst weather. Leave sprinklers on long enough to soak the soil to a depth of six to eight inches every time you water. Hanging baskets and other containers also need more frequent watering, perhaps as often as daily, depending on their size and the volume of soil they contain.
Care
Petunias are tolerant of heat so you don't have to water them regularly. A thorough watering once a week should be sufficient (unless there are prolonged periods of drought in your area). The spreading types and those in containers require more frequent watering though.

Fertilize your plants monthly to ensure good growth. Double-flowered cultivars like a biweekly dose of fertilizer.
Remove faded/dead flowers to prolong blooming.

Diseases and Insects:

Petunias are relatively free of disease and insect pests. Damping-off can be a serious disease problem, however, rotting the seeds during germination or killing the seedlings after emergence. Good sanitation practices and maintenance of proper moisture and temperature levels can minimize damping-off disease.

Petunias with virus diseases can have foliage that is stunted and deformed, often with light-green streaks, and discolored and deformed flowers. The best control is to remove and destroy diseased plants and keep aphids and other insects which transmit the virus under control. Alternaria blight, crown rot, fusarium wilt, botrytis and fasciation are other diseases of petunias. Insects are generally not a problem on petunias. However, isolated cases of aphid and cutworm infestations do occur. Remember that healthy, vigorous plants are less susceptible to pest damage than unhealthy plants.

Yellow foliage on petunias may also be caused by nitrogen or iron deficiency within the plant. Both can be corrected with the proper supplemental fertilizers.

Petunia Diseases

Gary W. Moorman, Professor of Plant Pathology

Disease and insects pests	Symptoms	Pathogen/Cause	Management
BOTRYTIS BLIGHT	Flowers have small translucent, or dead spots.	Botrytis cinerea	Maintain low relative humidity. Apply chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or fludioxonil to protect plants.
PHYTOPHTHORA CROWN ROT / Bacterial soft rot Gray Mold and Soft Rot	Branches wilt and the plant rapidly dies as the crown. Young plants are quickly killed. Outdoors if the weather is dry, the stem at the soil line may have a dry rot. Usually occurs in rainy climates.	Phytophthora nicotianae	Use pasteurized potting mix or soilless mix known to be free of pathogens. Discards flats containing infected plants. Apply mefenoxam, dimethomorph, chlorothalonil, etridazole, etridiazole + thiophanate methyl, or propamocarb to protect remaining plants. Choose weather resistant varieties.
STUNT Budworm caterpillar Aphids Leaf miners Leaf spots	Young plants are stunted and thick. Small green caterpillars that attack late June and July and feed on the flower buds. Hose off with a strong blast of water.	Lack of boron	Maintain a soil pH below 7. Have a water test done to be certain calcium and sodium are not too high. Often you won’t see the actual caterpillar, but you may notice small black dropping and small holes in the leaves and buds. They’ll disappear in July, but you could use Bt on them, if it’s a real problem.
VIRUS	Small etches on the leaf are surrounded by a dark halo.	Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV)	Destroy infected plants. Take steps to control western flower thrips. Examine other plants in the greenhouse for INSV symptoms and destroy them.

Petal spotting caused by Botrytis

Comments
The Carpet Series is the longest standing hybrid petunias; the V.I.P. and 'Junior' petunia are reseeding, heat-and-cold tolerant petunias for summer and fall; these vining types should be cut back periodically (every 60 days) to avoid overgrowth and severe cutback which can result in plant death.
Petunias remain a popular flowering annual. They are heat tolerant, but require ample moisture and fertility to thrive. Virtually all colors are available. Several flower forms are also available, including fully double types. The single multiflora varieties are generally best for landscape use.
All petunias do best and grow more bushy and full if you pinch or cut them back by one- to two-thirds in midsummer.

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Growing Petunias

How to Grow Petunia

Petunia Diseases

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